Richard Rozek, Senior Vice President at National Economic Research Associates, 2000
[“The Effects of Compulsory Licensing on Innovation and Access to Health Care,” The Journal of World Intellectual Property, Volume 3, No. 6, November, pp. 889-917, http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1747-1796.2000.tb00158.x, OCRed] Rein
Countries that encourage local innovative efforts through protecting IPRS are likely to attract more research-oriented jobs and job applicants. Foreign scientists educated in theUnited Stateswill return to their home countries where IPRS are protected. In 1980, 48.9 percent of the South Korean students who received Ph.D. degrees in Science and Engineering at U.S. universities planned to remain in the United States after graduation. South Korea improved its protection for IPRS in 1987. By 1990, only 31.6 percent of the South Korean Ph.D. recipients intented to stay in theUnited States.” As the National Science Foundation acknowledged, the trend inSouth Koreais due to improved employment opportunities.’* Similar trends exist for Taiwan, Mexico and Brazil. In contrast, 44 percent of the students from Argentina earning Ph.D. degrees in Science and Engineering at U.S. universities planned to stay in the United States in 1980, but 64.2 percent of the Argentine students completing their degrees in 1996 planned to stay in the United States19 (see Table 2). Once scientists begin locating in a geographic area, they form a core of intellectual human capital that attracts other scientists and investment capital. Growth of the biotechnology industry in theUnited Statesexhibited this pattern.20 <6-7>
Less than competitive wages have created a labor market perversity: unfilled positions amidst a glut of qualified high tech personnel. The Commerce Department estimates 190,000 vacancies exist in the information technology (IT) industry alone. Regardless of their source, these job vacancies harm theU.S.economy. A shortage of high-tech workers delays innovation, reduces the growth of high-wage jobs, reduceU.S.exports, and increases the costs of doing business in theUnited States. Chronic job vacancies have forced many U.S.-based tech firms to move their operations overseas.
History bears out that desperate nations take desperate actions. Prior to the final economic collapse, the stress on nations will have increased the intensity and number of their conflicts, to the point where the arsenals of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) now possessed by some 25 nations, are almost certain to be released. As an example, suppose a starving North Korea {[7]} launches nuclear weapons uponJapan and South Korea, including U.S. forces there, in a spasmodic suicidal response. Or suppose a desperate China — whose long-range nuclear missiles (some) can reach the United States — attacksTaiwan. In addition to immediate responses, the mutual treaties involved in such scenarios will quickly draw other nations into the conflict, escalating it significantly. Strategic nuclear studies have shown for decades that, under such extreme stress conditions, once a few nukes are launched, adversaries and potential adversaries are then compelled to launch on perception of preparations by one's adversary. The real legacy of the MAD concept is this side of the MAD coin that is almost never discussed. Without effective defense, the only chance a nation has to survive at all is to launch immediate full-bore pre-emptive strikes and try to take out its perceived foes as rapidly and massively as possible. As the studies showed, rapid escalationto full WMD exchange occurs. Today, a great percent of the WMD arsenals that will be unleashed, are already on site within the United States itself {[8]}. The resulting great Armageddon will destroy civilization as we know it, and perhaps most of the biosphere, at least for many decades.
A. Unique Link –
IPR protections prevent reverse brain drain
Richard Rozek, Senior Vice President at National Economic Research Associates, 2000
[“The Effects of Compulsory Licensing on Innovation and Access to Health Care,” The Journal of World Intellectual Property, Volume 3, No. 6, November, pp. 889-917, http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1747-1796.2000.tb00158.x, OCRed] Rein
Countries that encourage local innovative efforts through protecting IPRS are likely to attract more research-oriented jobs and job applicants. Foreign scientists educated in the United States will return to their home countries where IPRS are protected. In 1980, 48.9 percent of the South Korean students who received Ph.D. degrees in Science and Engineering at U.S. universities planned to remain in the United States after graduation. South Korea improved its protection for IPRS in 1987. By 1990, only 31.6 percent of the South Korean Ph.D. recipients intented to stay in the United States.” As the National Science Foundation acknowledged, the trend in South Korea is due to improved employment opportunities.’* Similar trends exist for Taiwan, Mexico and Brazil. In contrast, 44 percent of the students from Argentina earning Ph.D. degrees in Science and Engineering at U.S. universities planned to stay in the United States in 1980, but 64.2 percent of the Argentine students completing their degrees in 1996 planned to stay in the United States19 (see Table 2). Once scientists begin locating in a geographic area, they form a core of intellectual human capital that attracts other scientists and investment capital. Growth of the biotechnology industry in the United States exhibited this pattern.20 <6-7>
B. Impact –
1. Reverse brain drain collapses the economy
Rubenstein, economist and Director of Research for the Hudson Institute, 2001 (Edward, Reverse Brain Drain, December, http://www.zazona.com/ShameH1B/Library/Archives/ReverseBrainDrain.htm) [O’Brien]
Less than competitive wages have created a labor market perversity: unfilled positions amidst a glut of qualified high tech personnel. The Commerce Department estimates 190,000 vacancies exist in the information technology (IT) industry alone. Regardless of their source, these job vacancies harm the U.S. economy. A shortage of high-tech workers delays innovation, reduces the growth of high-wage jobs, reduce U.S. exports, and increases the costs of doing business in the United States. Chronic job vacancies have forced many U.S.-based tech firms to move their operations overseas.
2. Economic collapse causes extinction
T.T. Bearden, Director of the Association of Distinguished American Scientists, 2000
[http://www.seaspower.com/EnergyCrisis-Bearden.htm]
History bears out that desperate nations take desperate actions. Prior to the final economic collapse, the stress on nations will have increased the intensity and number of their conflicts, to the point where the arsenals of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) now possessed by some 25 nations, are almost certain to be released. As an example, suppose a starving North Korea {[7]} launches nuclear weapons upon Japan and South Korea, including U.S. forces there, in a spasmodic suicidal response. Or suppose a desperate China — whose long-range nuclear missiles (some) can reach the United States — attacks Taiwan. In addition to immediate responses, the mutual treaties involved in such scenarios will quickly draw other nations into the conflict, escalating it significantly. Strategic nuclear studies have shown for decades that, under such extreme stress conditions, once a few nukes are launched, adversaries and potential adversaries are then compelled to launch on perception of preparations by one's adversary. The real legacy of the MAD concept is this side of the MAD coin that is almost never discussed. Without effective defense, the only chance a nation has to survive at all is to launch immediate full-bore pre-emptive strikes and try to take out its perceived foes as rapidly and massively as possible. As the studies showed, rapid escalation to full WMD exchange occurs. Today, a great percent of the WMD arsenals that will be unleashed, are already on site within the United States itself {[8]}. The resulting great Armageddon will destroy civilization as we know it, and perhaps most of the biosphere, at least for many decades.